This invention relates to the fixed structural techniques on the sea, lake, river and all kind of fixed structures, including all types of residences, garden, road, airport, parking lot, playground, holiday village on the water surface.

It is highly crucial to expand the shore within the settlement areas in the islands, narrow shore bands to enlarge the inland area, especially in countries like Japan. To be able to construct the structures like airports, parking lots, on vast sea surface, build access ways between the islands and islands and onshore are highly considered. Until know, there has been extreme effort to construct such structures on the water surface.

Basically, two systems are employed for the structures on water surface. First type is constructed as floating objects. They employ the law of buoyancy. The typical examples are steel pontoons, concrete partitionning pontoons stuffed with foam or other bulky floating structures that are so constructed to stay on the water surface buoyant. The floating airports, floating bridges, petroleum platforms are examples of such type of floatign construction. Second type is the structures supported on the piles. Such structures are constructed on the water surface supported by the piles driven on the beds of the waterbed. The quays, roads on the piles, bridges on the piles are examples of such structures. The buoyancy of the water does not play any role on such structures. The lands occupies one quarter of the world surface. Majority of the land area consists of the mountains, rivers, lakes, forests, cultivated areas, deserts, etc., which are either extremely dried, hot, cold, etc., unsuitable lfor the settlements. In such case, extending the settlement areas in favor of the land is brought forward as alternative settlement areas on the water surfaces of the sea, lake, etc.

Floating systems constructed under prevailing technology are not immune the buoyancy effect induced by the water especially when the surface is not stable. Floating platforms, etc. are generally fixed on the counterweights on the waterbed. Such connections to the floating objects are vulnerable to break under the heavy stresses on the changes in the water surfaces. To overcome such breakages, the ropes, etc., tied to floating objets are kept loose. This, however, gives rise to floating objects stay unstable on n the water surface undergoing shifting, bending, protuberances, etc., eventually yielding to the temporary and permanent deformation. Such influences are directly proportional to the intensity of the disturbances on the water surfaces, like the pitch and amplitude of the tides. Such deformations on, for example, of a landing platform, may be in the form of twisting, longitudinal protuberances, flooding, shaking under tide effects, which totally impede the landing of the aerial vehicle. Landing on the surface at the speed of at least 200 kmph hardly tolerates any longitudinal protuberances. Therefore it is not likely to have a platform constructed on the pontoons that accommodate the landing of an aerial vehicle. It was the technical reasons behind the failure of the project proposal on the extension of San Francisco Airport, so called "San Francisco Floating Runway Expansion Proposal" in 1999. There is, however, such a runaway of a 1 km-long built off Port of Yokosuka in Tokyo Bay (www.nkk.co.jp/en/ or http://www.jfe-holdings.co.jp/en/release/nkk/40-9/art06.html ). The construction was completed in 2000. Eventually, the problems were encountered on the terrestrial connections of the runaway oscillations due to the disturbances on the sea surface, in addition to longitudinal twisting and protuberances. The surface disturbances exert numerous forces in numerous directions on rigid and semi-rigid structures like buoys, concrete pontoons and the platforms constructed on the water surfaces. It is extremely complex to compute the static and dynamic stress induced by such loading. Floating objects are also under influences of surface currents and severe winds in addition to the effects by the surface disturbances. Severe winds exert dragging forces on floating objects. The currents generated as a result of excessive wind forces creates additional stresses on the objects. To overcome such forces cannot be provided easily. In almost all types of technological applications, the engineers, architects, technicians have been in effort to overcome the effects of the forces on the objects.

The technology provided under this invention anticipates the use of round structural elements. The forces influencing on the overall surfaces of the columns are negligible. By this way, I have figured out the buoyancy forces to be anticipated by increasing and reducing the buoyancy of the pontoons. By means of architectural, aesthetic, technical and mechanical elaboration of such main idea, the possibility is obtained for the achievement of unlimited varieties of the structures. That is to say, the road is opened to construct so stable objects on the water surface as the land to be made use as areas, gardens, suitable for all kind of superstructures. Similar applications constructed so far have basically been either floating or supported on the piles, rendering difficulty of struggling with complex computations as referred above.

As it is shown on the Russian Patent of no. RU 2200110-CI on the version of the technique developped so far, the considerations have only been the laws of buoyancy and the necessary stability has not been achieved due to the oscillations on the terrestrial connections. The similar drawbacks have been observed on several other applications.

American patents of no. US 4554883, US 6196151 B1 that provides another known embodiment of the same technique, are about the international patent of the floating systems similar to the platform technologies. In all known application of the technique, the following problems are encountered:

1. Longitudinal twisting under the influence of tides,
2. Transversal twisting under the influence of tides,
3. Total drift by the water currents,
4. Oscillation and dragging under the storm,
5. Icing on the platforms and runaways under low temperatures,
6. Problems of terrestrial connections where the level of water varies,
7. Construction problem of the structural frame of the runaway and platform,
8. Maintenance problem of the frame of the runaway as well as supporting structures, i.e., the buoy and pontoon.
9. Longitudinal fructure of the runaway upon instantaneous storm,
10. Problems encountered unit supporting weight of the runaway,
11. High unit cost of the runaway,
12. Stability problems and flooding of the runaway under stormy weather.

The structures on the water surface supported by the piles are not free from drawbacks specific to their own. Mention must be made on several problems associated with the mega-structures like the highways and bridges. As it is observed on the systems with piles as provided under patent no. CN2695482Y, the construction, environment, cost, icing, construction time and maintenance are among the serious problems. Specific problems are as follows:

1. Difficulties in soil survey, driving pile on the waterbed and environmental problems,
2. High costs,
3. Icing since underneath of the platforms are exposed,
4. Long construction times,
5. Difficulty in maintenance.

This invention relates to the fixed structural techniques on the sea, lake, river and all kind of fixed structures, including all types of residences, garden, road, airport, parking lot, playground, holiday village on the water surface and it eliminates 12 problems in floating systems and 5 problems in structures on the pile to a great extend. The other purposes of our invention are as follows:
1. To provide permanent platforms that are not effected from the tides, storms and change of teh elevation of the water surfaces with respect to the structures on the water surface, which can be readily fabricated and erected,
2. To reduce the costs and the construction times of the structures on the water surface,
3. To ensure high stability on the structures on the water surface,
4. To provide the safety and comfort of the structures on the water surface commensurate those installed on the land,
5. To enlarge the terrestrial area toward to the sea with minimum disturbance on the waterbed, without incurring high cost of sea-filling,
6. To create cultivation sites on the water surface where such areas are scarce in mountainous areas stretching along the seashore,
7. To ensure the construction of teh road on the shore with fixed terrestrial connection, where the access proves to be difficult,
8. To ensure the construction of offshore airport with fixed terrestrial connection near to the settlement areas,
9. To ensure the construction of big scale parking lots with fixed terrestrial connection near to the settlement areas,
10. To ensure the construction of offshore entertainment centers, holiday villages, zoos, playgrounds, botanic gardens, earthquake resistant homes, all kind of structures with basements, sport premises, social premises, schools, hospitals, etc., with fixed terrestrial connection,
11. To ensure the construction of the highways between the islands, between the island and main land, between the bays and the shores,
12. To ensure the construction of petroleum platforms, plants and power plants,
13. To ensure the construction of collective religious structures, big concert halls, villages and towns as the structures on the water surface, and
14. To ensure the construction of islands, vast storage areas, golf fields, race courses, shopping centers with limited storey.

The invention eliminates the majority of problems and minimizes the remaining problems that are associated with the conventional techniques. The problems overcome can be listed as follows:

1. Longitudinal twisting of the runaways, highways, parking lots, holiday villages and all kind of structures is completely eliminated.
2. Transversal twisting problem is removed completely.
3. The problem of dragging under the influence of the current is reduced to minimum.
4. The problems of oscillation and dragging under storm are removed completely and partially at acceptable levels, respectively.
5. Icing problem of the runaways, highways and bridges under the low temperatures is completely eliminated.
6. The problems as a result of the change of the water surface elevation (ebb tides) are completely eliminated.
7. The construction problems of structural elements of the runaways are completely eliminated.
8. The problems encountered in the maintenance of the runaway, supporting buoys or pontoon is completely eliminated.
9. The risk of longitudinal fructure of the runaway is completely eliminated.
10. The lack of unit buoyant force of the runaway is completely eliminatd.
11. The unit cost of the construction is reduced to half.
12. The stability problems are eliminated completely. Flooding of the platforms is eliminated to a great extend, whereas, the structures constructed on the structures on the water surface have achieved the safety and reliability as if they are on the land.

Our invention makes in possible to get rid of complex forces involved on the structures on the water surface as a result of the action of the tides as well as severe winds and surface currents.

Thanks to the features of the invention, modular type of the platforms either terrestrial connection or situated stand-alone structures like island might be extended in any direction like constructing a logo. It is now possible to construct the platforms ever faster, easier, and cost effective as compared to the systems installed on the piles. The construction might be facilitated on such water systems with the depth ranging from 10 meters up to hundreds of meters.

Such platforms might be suitable for hazardous chemicals, nuclear power plants and petroleum platforms. Thanks to the adjustment of unit buoyancy forces, it might be constructed that could accommodate multi-storey buildings.

For example, in case of open parking lot, the unit buoyancy force for a safe operation is 500 kg/m². That is to say, 3,500 kg buoyancy force should be provided, for a vehicle with a footprint area of 7 m². In this invention, however, such a buoyancy force of 500 kg/m² can easily be achieved. The range of 7,000 kg or 10,000 kg for unit buoyancy force is quite likely in the invention.

The platform may even accommodate a buoyancy force of 70,000 kg on an area equals to that of an average size automobile. The structures on the water surface with such a carrying capacity might be constructed, where the construction of the runaways are likely in the sea with a tide of 5-10 m high. It will also be possible to construct bigger size premises like shipyards, plants and nuclear plants by increasing the sizes. The highways, airports, huge concert halls, football grounds and all kind of similar structures are protected against icing via cool water sea circulation via the pipes installed underneath the platform. It is possible to make use of the sea water for air conditionning and icing in the summer and winter times, respectively. The advantage of the sea water delayed heeating and cooling can be benefited in acclimation to be provided within the structures on the water surface to a great deal with the added benefit of energy saving.

By making use of the technology of the invention, it might be possible to relocate the multi-storey parking lot on a floating structure with fixed terrestrial connection. Besides, by the virtue of this technology, no difficulty will be encountered, which are specific to the conventional techniques employed so far. Although it greatly depends on the countries in question, it is still true that for a construction of a parking lot, the unit cost is at the level of US$700. To give an idea, the construction of 2 by 2 highway under conventional technology, including the cost of land, land leveling, river pass, viaducts, asphalting, etc. as about twice as much as the cost of the platform to be constructed under the technology proposed in this invention. The technology is also safer for the seismic occurance and that why it is crucial for the countries like Japan.

Until now, the requests were made from two countries for the licenses of the technology proposed in this invention. The requesting parties are United Arab Emirates and a company situated in the Netherlands. The company situated at Dubai was interested upon information obtained from one of our colleagues by change. The Netherlander company was informed by the company in Dubai. On the other hand, we have not introduced our technology yet. However, we welcome the proposals in this regard. We are ready to prove the merits of our technology. The patent application in Turkey was filed in 2005.

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